J-RAS: Mutual Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentation via Contrastive Retrieval-Augmented Joint Optimization 文章

arXiv:2510.09953v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Manual medical image segmentation by clinicians, though accurate, is time-consuming and variable across experts, whereas AI-based models automate this process but often underperform with limited data and domain shifts. Inspired by how pathology trainees acquire disease recognition skills through guided comparison with expert-annotated slides and histopathology atlas reference images, we propose Joint Retrieval-Augmented Segmentation (J-RAS). This framework enables segmentation networks to learn with guidance. J-RAS jointly optimizes a segmentation model and a retrieval model through alternating contrastive and supervised learning, allowing the retrieval network to discover contextually relevant image-mask pairs that refine the segmentation model's anatomical reasoning.