EMOTION IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 论文

摘要

Understanding Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Distinguishing Emotion from Related Constructs . . . 79Mood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Sentiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Effects of Affect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Attention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Causes of Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Needs and Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Appraisal Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Contagion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Moods and Sentiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Previous Emotional State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Causes of Mood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Contagion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Other Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Measuring Affect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Neurological Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Autonomic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Facial Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Self-Report Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Affect Recognition by Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Open Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881. With which emotion should HCI designersbe most concerned? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882. When and how should interfaces attempt todirectly address users’ emotions and basicneeds (vs. application-specific goals)? . . . . . . . . . . 883. How accurate must emotion recognition beto be useful as an interface technique? . . . . . . . . . 884. When and how should users be informedthat their affective states are being monitoredand adapted to? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885. How does emotion play out in computer-mediated communication (CMC)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Emotion is a fundamental component of being human. Joy, hate, anger, and pride, among the plethora of other emotions, motivate action and add meaning and richness to virtually all human experience. Traditionally, human-computer interaction (HCI) has been viewed as the “ultimate” exception; users must discard their emotional selves to work efficiently and rationality with computers, the quintessentially unemotional artifact. Emotion seemed at best marginally relevant to HCI and at worst oxymoronic.