Designing to Motivate: Motivational Techniques to Incorporate in E-Learning Experiences 论文

摘要

This paper addresses the construct of motivation as it relates to learning. Questions that will be discussed are (a) What is motivation, (b), how can motivation be incorporated in the instructional design process, and finally, (c) what motivational techniques have been used successfully in e-learning settings? Some general background information on motivation will be discussed. Two instructional design models for motivation will be described and examples of best practices for Web-based learning will be supplied. Any experienced teacher knows that without the proper motivation for students to engage in a learning experience, the otherwise best designed experiences will be unsuccessful. Dick and Carey (1996) state, “Many instructors consider the motivation level of learners the most important factor in successful instruction ” (p. 92). “Motivation is not only important because it is a necessary causal factor of learning, but because it mediates learning and is a consequence of learning as well ” (Wlodkowski, 1985, p. 4). In other words, students who are motivated to learn will have greater success than those who are not. Additionally, students who learn well will be more motivated to do so in the