Adaptive Instructional Systems 论文

摘要

A central and persisting issue in educational technology is the provision of instructional environments and conditions that can comply with individually different educational goals and learn-ing abilities. Instructional approaches and techniques that are geared to meet the needs of the individually different student are called adaptive instruction (Como & Snow, 1986). More specif-ically, adaptive instruction refers to educational interventions aimed at effectively accommodating individual differences in students while helping each student develop the knowledge and skills required to learn a task. Adaptive instruction is generally characterized as an educational approach that incorporates al-ternative procedures and strategies for instruction and resource utilization and has the built-in flexibility to permit students to take various routes to, and amounts of time for, learning (Wang & Lindvall, 1984). Glaser (1977) described three essential in-